Kubera, also known as Kuber or Kuvera, is a prominent deity in Hindu mythology. He is often depicted as the lord of wealth and the ruler of the mythical realm of Alaka, which is said to be a city of immense beauty and opulence.
Kubera is traditionally associated with material prosperity, treasure, and the protection of wealth. He is the god-king of the semi-divine yakshas in Hinduism.
He is regarded as the regent of the north (Dikpala), and a protector of the world (Lokapala).
As the son of Vishrava (“Fame”), Kubera is called Vaisravana and as the son of Ilavila, Ailavila. Vaisravana is sometimes translated as the “Son of Fame”
Attributes and Iconography
Physical Appearance: Kubera is typically portrayed as a rotund figure with a jovial demeanor, symbolizing his association with abundance and prosperity. He often has a fair complexion and is adorned with rich garments and jewelry, reflecting his connection to wealth.
Kubera’s Mount / Vehicle: Kubera usually is drawn by spirits or men (nara), so is called Nara-vahana, one whose vahana (mount) is nara. Kubera also rides the elephant called Sarvabhauma as a loka-pala.
Kubera holds a mace, a pomegranate, or a money bag / a sheaf of jewels in his hand.
Pot of Wealth: Kubera is frequently shown holding or surrounded by a pot (Kumbha) filled with treasures, symbolizing his role as the provider of wealth and prosperity.
Mongoose: He is sometimes depicted with a mongoose, which is believed to spit out jewels and treasures, further emphasizing his association with material abundance. In Tibet, the mongoose is considered a symbol of Kubera’s victory over nāgas—the guardians of treasures. Kubera is usually depicted with a mongoose in Buddhist iconography.
Tree of Wealth: The sacred tree, also known as the “Kalpavriksha” or wish-fulfilling tree, is often linked with Kubera. This mythical tree is said to grant the desires of those who seek its blessings.
Other names of Kubera are:
Rajaraja – king of kings
Dhanadhipati – Lord of wealth
Dhanada – giver of wealth
Yaksharajan – king of yakshas
Rakshasadhipati – Lord of rakshasas
Guhyakadhipa – Lord of Guhyakas
Kinnararaja – king of Kinnaras
Nararaja – King of men
Guhyadhipa – Lord of the hidden
